Buckingham Fountain

Dedicated on August 26, 1927, the Clarence Buckingham Memorial Fountain was commissioned by Kate Buckingham in memory of her brother, Clarence. Designed by architect Edward H. Bennett and French sculptor Marcel F. Loyau, the fountain was envisioned as a grand centerpiece for Grant Park, Chicago's 'front yard.' Its design was heavily influenced by the Latona Fountain at the Palace of Versailles, though it was built at twice the scale to reflect the vastness of the American landscape and the Great Lakes. The fountain's architecture is steeped in symbolism, specifically representing Lake Michigan. The central basin is surrounded by four sets of Art Deco sea horses, which symbolize the four states that border the lake: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Constructed from pink Georgia marble, the fountain features a complex internal pump system that was considered a marvel of engineering at the time of its completion, capable of circulating millions of gallons of water to create its iconic displays. Over the decades, the fountain has evolved while maintaining its historic charm. In 1968, the lighting system was automated, and by 1980, the entire operation became computer-controlled, allowing for the synchronized music and light shows that visitors enjoy today. It remains one of the largest fountains in the world and serves as a symbolic starting point for the historic Route 66, continuing to stand as a testament to Chicago's cultural and architectural heritage.