Tower of London

Founded by William the Conqueror in 1066, the Tower of London began as a timber fortification before the imposing White Tower was constructed in 1078. This massive stone keep was designed to dominate the skyline and remind the local population of their new Norman rulers' power. Over the centuries, the site expanded with additional concentric walls and towers, evolving into one of the most formidable defensive structures in Europe. Throughout the Middle Ages and the Tudor period, the Tower took on a darker reputation as a place of incarceration and execution. It housed high-profile prisoners such as Princess Elizabeth, Sir Walter Raleigh, and the ill-fated Anne Boleyn. Despite its grim history as a prison, it also served as the Royal Mint, a public records office, and even an armory, reflecting its multifaceted importance to the British state. In the modern era, the Tower of London has transitioned into a world-renowned museum and UNESCO World Heritage site. It is most famous for safeguarding the Crown Jewels, a breathtaking collection of ceremonial regalia used by British monarchs. Guarded by the iconic Yeoman Warders, or 'Beefeaters', the Tower remains a living monument where ancient traditions, like the Ceremony of the Keys, continue to be performed every single night.