Akershus Fortress

Construction of Akershus Fortress began in the late 1290s under King Håkon V, strategically positioned on the headland to protect the growing city of Oslo. As a medieval castle, it proved virtually impregnable, successfully withstanding numerous sieges over the centuries, most notably from Swedish forces. Its presence shifted the center of power in Norway, establishing Oslo as a permanent capital and a vital military stronghold for the North. In the early 17th century, the fortress underwent a dramatic transformation under the reign of King Christian IV. Transitioning from a grim medieval fortress to a refined Renaissance castle, it served as a royal residence and administrative hub. The King added modern bastions and ramparts to counter the development of heavy artillery, creating the star-shaped defensive layout that characterizes the site today. The 20th century brought a darker chapter when the fortress was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II, serving as a prison and execution ground for Norwegian resistance fighters. Following the liberation, it regained its status as a national monument of resilience and pride. Today, it remains a military area but is open to the public, housing the Royal Mausoleum, the Armed Forces Museum, and the Norway's Resistance Museum.